PART XIV

 DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF MARINE TECHNOLOGY

 SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Article 266
 Promotion of the development and transfer of marine technology

 1. States, directly or through competent international organizations, shall cooperate in accordance with their capabilities to promote actively the development and transfer of marine science and marine technology on fair and reasonable terms and conditions.

 2. States shall promote the development of the marine scientific and technological capacity of States which may need and request technical assistance in this field, particularly developing States, including land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States, with regard to the exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of marine resources, the protection and preservation of the marine environment, marine scientific research and other activities in the marine environment compatible with this Convention, with a view to accelerating the social and economic development of the developing States.

 3. States shall endeavour to foster favourable economic and legal conditions for the transfer of marine technology for the benefit of all parties concerned on an equitable basis.

 Article 267
 Protection of legitimate interests

 States, in promoting co-operation pursuant to article 266, shall have due regard for all legitimate interests including, inter alia, the rights and duties of holders, suppliers and recipients of marine technology.

 Article 268
 Basic objectives

 States, directly or through competent international organizations, shall promote:

 (a) the acquisition, evaluation and dissemination of marine technological knowledge and facilitate access to such information and data;

 (b) the development of appropriate marine technology;

 (c) the development of the necessary technological infrastructure to facilitate the transfer of marine technology;

 (d) the development of human resources through training and education of nationals of developing States and countries and especially the nationals of the least developed among them;

 (e) international co-operation at all levels, particularly at the regional, sub-regional and bilateral levels.

 Article 269
 Measures to achieve the basic objectives

 In order to achieve the objectives referred to in article 268, States, directly or through competent international organizations, shall endeavour, inter alia, to:

 (a) establish programmes of technical co-operation for the effective transfer of all kinds of marine technology to States which may need and request technical assistance in this field, particularly the developing land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States, as well as other developing States which have not been able either to establish or develop their own technological capacity in marine science and in the exploration and exploitation of marine resources or to develop the infrastructure of such technology;

 (b) promote favourable conditions for the conclusion of agreements, contracts and other similar arrangements, under equitable and reasonable conditions;

 (c) hold conferences, seminars and symposia on scientific and technological subjects, in particular on policies and methods for the transfer of marine technology;

 (d) promote the exchange of scientists and of technological and other experts;

 (e) undertake projects and promote joint ventures and other forms of bilateral and multilateral co-operation.
 

 SECTION 2. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION

 Article 270
 Ways and means of international co-operation

 International co-operation for the development and transfer of marine technology shall be carried out, where feasible and appropriate, through existing bilateral, regional or multilateral programmes, and also through expanded and new programmes in order to facilitate marine scientific research, the transfer of marine technology, particularly in new fields, and appropriate international funding for ocean research and development.

 Article 271
 Guidelines, criteria and standards

 States, directly or through competent international organizations, shall promote the establishment of generally accepted guidelines, criteria and standards for the transfer of marine technology on a bilateral basis or within the frame-work of international organizations and other fora, taking into account, in particular, the interests and needs of developing States.

 Article 272
 Co-ordination of international programmes

 In the field of transfer of marine technology, States shall endeavour to ensure that competent international organizations co-ordinate their activities, including any regional or global programmes, taking into account the interests and needs of developing States, particularly land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States.

 Article 273
 Co-operation with international organizations and the Authority

 States shall co-operate actively with competent international organizations and the Authority to encourage and facilitate the transfer to developing States, their nationals and the Enterprise of skills and marine technology with regard to | activities in the Area.

 Article 274
 Objectives of the Authority

 Subject to all legitimate interests including, inter alia, the rights and duties of holders, suppliers and recipients of technology, the Authority, with regard to activities in the Area, shall ensure that:

 (a) on the basis of the principle of equitable geographical distribution, nationals of developing States, whether coastal, land-locked or geographically disadvantaged, shall be taken on for the purposes of training as members of the managerial, research and technical staff constituted for its undertakings

 (b) the technical documentation on the relevant equipment, machinery, devices and processes is made available to all States, in particular developing States which may need and request technical assistance in this field

 (c) adequate provision is made by the Authority to facilitate the acquisition of technical assistance in the field of marine technology by States which may need and request it, in particular developing States, and the acquisition by their nationals of the necessary skills and know-how, including professional training;

 (d) States which may need and request technical assistance in this field, in particular developing States, are assisted in the acquisition of necessary equipment, processes, plant and other technical know-how through any financial arrangements provided for in this Convention.
 

 SECTION 3. NATIONAL AND REGIONAL MARINE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRES

 Article 275
 Establishment of national centres

 1. States, directly or through competent international organizations and the Authority, shall promote the establishment, particularly in developing coastal States, of national marine scientific and technological research centres and the strengthening of existing national centres, in order to stimulate and advance the conduct of marine scientific research by developing coastal States and to enhance their national capabilities to utilize and preserve their marine resources for their economic benefit.

 2. States, through competent international organizations and the Authority, shall give adequate support to facilitate the establishment and strengthening of such national centres so as to provide for advanced training facilities and necessary equipment, skills and know-how as well as technical experts to such States which may need and request such assistance.

 Article 2 76
 Establishment of regional centres

 1. States in co-ordination with the competent international organizations, the Authority and national marine scientific and technological research institutions, shall promote the establishment of regional marine scientific and technological research centres, particularly in developing States, in order to stimulate and advance the conduct of marine scientific research by developing States and foster the transfer of marine technology.

 2. All States of a region shall co-operate with the regional centres therein to ensure the more effective achievement of their objectives.

 Article 277
 Functions of regional centres

 The functions of such regional centres shall include, inter alia:

 (a) training and educational programmes at all levels on various aspects of marine scientific and technological research, particularly marine biology, including conservation and management of living resources,  oceanography, hydrography, engineering,  geological exploration of the sea-bed, mining and desalination technologies;

 (b) management studies;

 (c) study programmes related to the protection and preservation of the marine environment and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution;

 (d) organization of regional conferences, seminars and symposia;

 (e) acquisition and processing of marine scientific and technological data and information;

 (f) prompt dissemination of results of marine scientific and technological research in readily available publications;

 (g) publicizing national policies with regard to the transfer of marine technology and systematic comparative study of those policies;

 (h) compilation and systematization of information on the marketing of technology and on contracts and other arrangements concerning patents;

 (i) technical co-operation with other States of the region.

 SECTION 4. CO-OPERATION AMONG INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

 Article 278
 Co-operation among international organizations

 The competent international organizations referred to in this Part and in Part XIII shall take all appropriate measures to ensure, either directly or in close cooperation among themselves, the effective discharge of their functions and responsibilities under this Part.

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